Revisão bibliográfica - Separação intra-canalar de instrumentos endodônticos: prevenção e procedimentos de resolução

O presente trabalho tem como objectivo a revisão bibliográfica, respeitante à separação intra—canalar de instrumentos Endodônticos. Será analisado o modo como o profissional deve atuar, meios de prevenção, causas de fratura de instrumentos e os procedimentos clínicos de resolução. A metedologia utilizada para a elaboração deste trabalho consta na análise de artigos pesquisados nos motores de busca online (Pubmed e B-on), bibliotecas e repositórios científicos. A separação de instrumentos pode ter como origem a fadiga cíclica ou a torção. Para cada uma das situações existem meios de prevenção que devem ser aplicados, como por exemplo, o controlo de uso e movimentos de Roane, respectivamente. As formas de resolução, consoante o mais praticado, são: bypass, remoção do fragmento fraturado, cirurgia apical e obturação in situ.The objective of this monograph is to carry out a bibliographic review regarding intra—canal separation of Endodontic instruments. We will analyze how the professional should deal with numerous situations, means of prevention, causes of instrument fractures and the clinical procedures of resolution. The methodology used for the elaboration of this work consists of the analysis of articles searched in online search engines (Pubmed and B-on), libraries and scientific repositories. Fracture of a file may be caused by cyclic fatigue or torsion. For each of the situations there are means of prevention that must be applied, such as the use of Roane's instruments and movements, respectively. The forms of resolution, depending on the most practiced, are: Bypass, removal of broken fragment, apical surgery and in situ obturation

Bureaucracy vs. efficiency: how does bureaucracy impact the access to european funds - the impact of european funds on R&D investment by firms in Portugal

Due to the dynamic environment in which small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) operate, they face unique problems. Through various tools and programs, public policies are attempting to boost the competitiveness and creativity of SMEs in this direction. This paper evaluates whether SMEs that received EU funds recorded an improvement in their intangible and tangible fixed assets investments and if those investments impact the perception of bureaucracy in the application process for EU funds. The findings demonstrate the efficiency of EU funds in encouraging investment in tangible assets while having some impact on the perception of bureaucracy

A Multi-Period Stochastic Location-Inventory Problem

Tese de mestrado, Estatística e Investigação Operacional (Investigação Operacional), 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de CiênciasA two-stage stochastic linear programming model is proposed to formulate the Multi-Period Stochastic Location-Inventory Problem, where both location, allocation and inventory management related decisions are considered. A variant, which adds the concept of lead times between suppliers and DCs, is also formulated as a two-stage stochastic linear programming model. In order to solve it, the concept of demand scenarios is introduced as a means to capture the uncertainty of the customers’ demand. This way, the Multi-Period Stochastic Location-Inventory Problem can be formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming model. This is the model that needs to be solved, which can be done, for example, through the use of a commercial solver. A set of instances is computationally generated for the purpose of performing computational tests. Afterwards, two batches of computational tests are run. The first batch uses the generated instances as they are, while in the second batch those instances have their fixed costs for locating a DC at some site modified (the original values are multiplied by one hundred). Some characteristics and metrics are chosen in an effort to evaluate the quality of the solving approach. Most instances are solved in a considered suitable time (the majority take less than a minute). Only a few (the largest ones in both number of decision variables and constraints) are not solved due to hardware constraints

The role of science and technology management companies in the set-up and coordination of multi-partners scientific alliances

Mestrado em Economia e Gestão de Ciência, Tecnologia e InovaçãoExistem, atualmente, poucos estudos académicos realizados sobre Gestão de C&T, nomeadamente sobre o tipo de entidades cuja atividade empresarial se concentra nesta área. Um exemplo de tais entidades são as empresas de Gestão de C&T que, entre outros, oferecem serviços de consultoria na construção de consórcios e na elaboração e submissão de propostas de financiamento. Neste trabalho propusemo-nos estudar e caracterizar estas empresas com base num painel de 66 empresas que operam na União Europeia. A análise foi realizada com base em doze variáveis estruturais e utilizando um modelo estatístico com base numa análise de clusters. Esta análise permitiu-nos identificar cinco grandes grupos de empresas. O tipo de serviços oferecido mostrou ser a variável que mais influenciou o agrupamento das 66 empresas nos cinco clusters. Cada cluster foi posteriormente caracterizado de acordo com o tamanho das empresas e o tipo de clientes. Não encontramos uma aparente correlação entre o número de serviços oferecidos e o tamanho das equipas das empresas, mas sim entre o tamanho e o tipo de serviços prestados. Encontramos evidências para um maior número de contactos por parte de PMEs do que de Universidades, na requisição de serviços de gestão de C&T. Os resultados obtidos mostram que estas empresas de gestão de C&T são bastante dinâmicas, com qualificações muito especializadas e com um grande foco no cliente e nas suas necessidades. Estes evidenciam um grande potencial de crescimento deste sector, e mostram a importância destas empresas na construção e gestão de consórcios e de propostas de consórcio.S&T Management is a poorly studied field to what concerns the type of entities operating in such field. One example of such entities are S&T Management companies that provide a variety of services such as assistance in consortia assembly and in proposal submission. The present thesis proposes an objective characterization of such companies based on a panel of 66 companies operating in the European Union. The analysis was made based on twelve structural dimensions, and through a statistical model based in a clusters analysis for allowing the identification of 5 major groups of companies. Cluster patterns have been largely influenced by the type of service offered. Each cluster has been further characterized according to the size of the companies and type of clients. There is no apparent correlation between the number of offered services and the size of the team but, instead, with the type of services provided. There is, however, a slightly tendency for SMEs to request more often these companies' services than universities which lead us to conclude that consortia are usually led by SMEs rather than by academic groups. The results obtained show that these are dynamic companies, with very specific skills and a strong focus on the client's needs. The research identifies a great potential for the sector to grow, and highlights the importance of such entities in the assembly of multi-partner alliances but also the need for further studies

Processing the experience of change : a systematic analysis of the metaprocessing task

Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicoterapia Cognitiva-Comportamental e Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2018The present study analysed a unique type of significant change event in psychotherapy: Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy’s metatherapeutic processing, where change processes usually left unnoticed are object of experiential exploration. A task-analytic research method was used to systematically study 56 videotaped metaprocessing events from four AEDP therapeutic dyads that belonged to an outcome study. Empirical analysis showed the presence of four essential components – focusing, self-disclosure, affirmation and invoke relationship – and of seven peripheral components related to therapist attunement variables. The implications of the metaprocessing rational-empirical model are discussed in light of its relations to AEDP theory and practice in general and to psychotherapy integration in particular.A presente investigação analisou um tipo particular de evento significativo em psicoterapia: o processamento meta-terapêutico, extraído do modelo Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy, que é o meio através do qual os processos de mudança habitualmente negligenciados são objeto de exploração experiencial. Um método baseado em task-analysis foi utilizado para estudar empiricamente 56 sessões em vídeo de eventos de metaprocessamento de quatro díades psicoterapêuticas de AEDP pertencentes a um estudo de outcome. A análise empírica evidenciou a presença de quatro componentes essenciais – focagem, auto-revelação, afirmação e invocação da relação – e de sete componentes periféricas relacionadas com as variáveis de “afinação” do terapeuta As implicações do modelo racional-empírico da tarefa são discutidas à luz das relações que estabelece com a teoria e prática de AEDP em geral e com a integração em psicoterapia em particular

Teaching multiculturalism in a pre school classroom

The following study is the Master Dissertation in Early Childhood and Primary Education at Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências in Lisbon. Education plays a powerful role in influencing a child´s development and contributing to who they will one day become and according to Souto-Manning (2013) “multicultural education seeks to respect the humanity of every person, prioritizing the teachers´ and children´s personal, practical knowledge as foundational to promoting change in early childhood settings and beyond.” (p.7). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to (1) provide increased understanding of multicultural education along with strategies for planning and implementing a multicultural curriculum for a preschool audience and (2) to demonstrate to educators the benefits of a Multicultural Exchange Project in Early Childhood Education. The Multicultural Exchange Project that will be presented in this study was accomplished within the Supervised Teaching Practice in Preschool Education. This Project represents the collaboration between two five-year-old classrooms from two different countries – Portugal and Malawi –. The preschoolers in both classrooms created and exchanged books to help their friends in the other country understand their city, country, language, traditions, music and food. There was also an exchange of other gifts, such as, a handmade puzzle of the Portuguese flag, recipes, photographs and presentation of videos of music and traditional dances. The two groups of children participated in two Skype sessions; since they spoke different languages it was necessary for the teachers to be translators. The findings of this study clearly demonstrate that openness and respect for differences between very different cultures can be effectively addressed through intentional multicultural instruction in the preschool classroom.O presente estudo é a dissertação para a obtenção do grau de Mestre do Mestrado em Pré-Escolar e 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico realizado no Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências em Lisboa. A educação desempenha um papel poderoso no desenvolvimento das crianças contribuindo para o seu futuro como cidadãos e de acordo com Souto-Manning (2013) "a educação multicultural procura respeitar a humanidade de cada pessoa, priorizando a humanidade pessoal dos professores e a das crianças, o conhecimento prático como fundamental para promover a mudança em ambientes de educação pré-escolar." (p.7). Neste âmbito, o objetivo deste estudo é: (1) proporcionar uma maior compreensão da educação multicultural, juntamente com estratégias de planeamento e implementação de um currículo multicultural, para um público de educação pré-escolar e (2) para demonstrar aos educadores os benefícios de um projeto de Intercâmbio Multicultural nos primeiros anos da Educação Pré-Escolar. O “Projeto Intercâmbio Multicultural” que será apresentado neste estudo foi realizado no âmbito da Prática de Ensino Supervisionado em Educação Pré-Escolar. Este projeto realizou-se com a colaboração de duas salas de pré-escolar de cinco anos de idade, de dois países diferentes: Portugal e Malawi. As crianças que frequentam o jardim-de-infância nas diferentes salas criaram e exploraram livros para ajudar os seus amigos do outro país a compreenderem a sua cidade, país, língua, tradições, música e comida. Houve também uma troca de outros instrumentos, tais como, um quebra-cabeças artesanal da bandeira portuguesa, receitas, fotografias e apresentações de vídeos de música e danças tradicionais. Os dois grupos de crianças também tiveram a oportunidade de realizar duas sessões de Skype; uma vez que falavam línguas diferentes, foi necessário que os professores fossem os seus tradutores. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram claramente que a abertura e o respeito pelas diferenças entre culturas muito diversas pode efetivamente ter uma intencionalidade e um efeito educativo multicultural no ensino da educação pré-escolar

The citizen as a source of information: a case study on Jornal da Tarde, RTP

Indispensable to news production, sources of information are complex and provide an interesting case review. Without them a journalist’s work would be next to impossible to perform since those sources are able to reinforce and give credibility to the news. In a time when the citizen’s participation in public service media is gaining more and more importance, this study aims to understand the kind of representation and prominence given to the citizen in the Portuguese television Public Service. In addition to understanding the presence of the citizen in Jornal da Tarde, RTP (Radio and Television of Portugal) the goal is to make a connection between the role of the Portuguese television Public Service and the need, or not, to call upon non-official voices to support the credibility and even the veracity of the topic in hand. In which topics the citizen’s voice is more present and which testimonials are more sought after by RTP are some of the topics under discussion. In order to do that – identify the news in which the citizen’s voice was used and to find answers to the given question – a content analysis of 21 broadcasts of Jornal da Tarde was performed

Reverse mortgage: overview, potential for Portugal and impact of Covid-19 crisis

This paper examines the Reverse Mortgage (RM) market development. It discusses potential market failures, such as adverse selection, and possible solutions. It is debated whether RM would thrive in Portugal by establishing a parallelism with Spain, and performing an empirical evaluation of borrowers’ potential demand, via survey. TheCOVID-19impactin the U.S. is studied, focusing on the aggregate demand drivers(interest rates, economic state, and disbursed amount). The results suggest that the RM market is resilient, flexible, and a good solution to liquidity issues. It does not seem, however, to be viable inmost countries due to regulatory matters and borrowers’ financial illiteracy

“We live with it”: portuguese patients and relatives’ perspectives of Physiotherapy role in the course of Huntington’s Disease: a qualitative study

ackground: Huntington's Disease is a hereditary autosomal dominant, and neurodegenerative condition. It combines motor, cognitive and behavioural disturbances. Nowadays, Physiotherapy for Huntington´s encompasses interventions such as exercise, physical activity promotion, balance, task-specific training and education. It seeks to enable patients with impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions to reach their optimal functional level. However there are just a few articles that relate Huntington's Disease with Physiotherapy, and as far as we know there is none in Portugal that truly evaluates the patient's and families’ needs and how Physiotherapy helps. Purpose: Understand how Physiotherapy helps in the life, challenges and problem-solving of Huntington’s Disease patients and their relatives. Additionally, understand what we can change in Physiotherapy to improve the integration of patients in society. Methods: A phenomenology qualitative work, with semi-structured, audio and video record interviews, made preferentially through APDH and other contacts. Interviews were transcribed and analysed following the theory of thematic analysis to identify salient themes. Results: A total of 18 participants were interviewed (6 patients and 12 relatives). Five themes derived: Objectives and ICF (Theme 1), Society and HD (Theme 2), Health Care and Needs in HD (Theme 3), Physiotherapy and HD (Theme 4), and Family and HD (Theme 5). Conclusions: Physiotherapy represents a powerful tool in the lifelong management of Huntington’s Disease. It seems to have a role in daily activities, autonomy, self-confidence, family management and strength and walking capacity. Although there is a need for improving the human-centred approach, to meet patients' and family members' specific objectives in order to reduce their limitations in social participation. Future studies should evaluate the quality and the content of the Physiotherapy sessions.ntrodução: A Doença de Huntington é uma condição hereditária, autossómica dominante e de carácter neurodegenerativo. Combina alterações motoras, cognitivas e comportamentais. Atualmente a Fisioterapia para a Doença de Huntington engloba intervenções como exercício, promoção da atividade física, treino de equilíbrio e tarefas específicas e educação. Procura desta forma capacitar os doentes que apresentam limitações nas atividades e restrições na participação a atingir o seu estado funcional. Porém a literatura que relaciona a Doença de Huntington com a Fisioterapia é escassa, não sendo conhecido nenhum estudo em Portugal que avalie as necessidades dos doentes e dos seus familiares em relação à Fisioterapia e como esta os ajuda. Objetivo: Perceber como é que a Fisioterapia tem um papel na vida, desafios e resolução de problemas dos doentes e dos seus familiares. Adicionalmente procuramos perceber o que é que se pode alterar na intervenção da Fisioterapia de forma a melhorar a integração dos doentes na sociedade. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo fenomenológico com entrevistas semiestruturadas áudio e vídeo gravadas, feitas preferencialmente através da Associação Portuguesa de Doentes de Huntington e outros contactos. Depois de transcritas foram analisadas através da análise temática de forma a identificar os temas relevantes. Resultados: Um total de 18 entrevistas foram incluídas (6 utentes e 12 familiares). Foram identificados 5 temas: ICF e Objetivos (Tema 1), Sociedade e DH (Tema 2), Necessidades e Cuidados de Saúde (Tema 3), Fisioterapia e DH (Tema 4), Família e DH (Tema 5). Conclusão: A Fisioterapia tem um forte contributo na gestão da Doença de Huntington. Parece ter um papel ao nível das atividades diárias, autonomia, confiança, gestão familiar, força e capacidade de marcha. Porém é preciso melhorar os cuidados centrados no utente de forma a alcançar os objetivos dos mesmos e das suas famílias de forma a reduzir as limitações sociais. Estudos futuros devem avaliar a qualidade e o conteúdo das sessões de Fisioterapia

Innovative medicines in the portuguese private health sector: a strategic vision

The present dissertation aims at contributing to a strategic view over the use of innovative medicines in the portuguese private health sector, as a way of being complementary to public system that nowadays finances most of the innovative medicines. With the rationalization of expenses in the public health sector, pharmaceutical companies tend to look for opportunities of expansion to the private sector. The creation of innovative financial models for the private sector to cover innovative treatments is the proposed way of surpassing the restriction on the NHS sales of innovative medicines. This can be both for differentiating private health providers from the NHS or for the creation of premium services that can be differentiated from other private providers of the portuguese market